What Is a High Blood Sugar Level?

High blood sugar, also known as hyperglycemia, is a condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose (sugar) in the bloodstream. It is often associated with diabetes mellitus, a chronic metabolic disorder where the body either does not produce enough insulin or fails to use it effectively.

Normal Blood Sugar Levels

For most individuals, a normal fasting blood sugar level falls within the range of 70 to 99 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL). After meals, blood sugar levels may temporarily rise but should typically remain below 140 mg/dL.

High Blood Sugar Levels and Diabetes

In diabetes patients, high blood sugar levels occur due to the inability of insulin to transport glucose from the bloodstream into the body's cells. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by the inability to produce insulin, while type 2 diabetes is primarily associated with insulin resistance.

Symptoms of High Blood Sugar

Some common symptoms of high blood sugar include excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, blurry vision, slow wound healing, and increased susceptibility to infections. These symptoms may vary in severity and can indicate the need for medical attention.

Dangers of High Blood Sugar

Prolonged periods of elevated blood sugar levels can lead to serious complications. These include diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the breakdown of fat cells, and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS), a condition marked by severe dehydration and altered mental status.

Managing High Blood Sugar

Managing high blood sugar levels is crucial for individuals with diabetes. This may involve regular monitoring of blood sugar levels, following a balanced and controlled diet, engaging in regular physical activity, and taking prescribed medications, such as insulin or oral diabetes medications.

Conclusion

Maintaining blood sugar levels within the target range is essential for overall health and well-being. Understanding the causes, symptoms, and risks associated with high blood sugar levels can help individuals take proactive steps to manage their condition effectively. Regular consultation with a healthcare provider is vital for diabetes patients to ensure proper treatment and control of blood sugar levels.